Nootropil

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What is Nootropil?

Nootropil (Piracetam) belongs to a a group of medicines called nootropic agents.
Nootropil (Piracetam) exerts a positive effect on metabolism and blood circulation in the brain. It  stimulates the oxidation-reduction processes, glycolytic processes, enhances glucose utilization, improves regional blood flow in the ischemic brain regions. Nootropil also increases the body's energy potential by accelerating the turnover of ATP as well as increasing the activity of adenylyl cyclase and inhibition of nucleotide phosphatase.

·         Piracetam enhances the synthesis of nuclear RNA and phospholipids in the brain. The Improvement of energy processes under the influence of the drug results in increased stability of brain tissue to hypoxia and toxic effects. In general Nootrpopil (Piracetam) possesses the following functions:

·         It possesses a positive effect on metabolic processes in the brain;

·         Nootropil (piracetam) improves the integrative brain activity, improves communication between the hemispheres of the brain, enhances synaptic conductance in neocortical structures, increases alpha-and beta-activity, reduces delta activity on EEG, and reduces the severity of vestibular nystagmus;

·         Nootropil restores and stabilizes the cerebral functions, especially consciousness, memory and speech;

·         It helps improve mental performance, facilitates memory consolidation, improves the process of learning;

·         Nootropil restores and stabilizes disturbed brain function;

·         It possesses a protective effect in various forms of cerebral hypoxia, intoxication, electroshock, improves microcirculation, and cerebral blood flow, without causing vasodilatory action and inhibiting the aggregation of activated platelets.

·         Nootropil does not possess sedative, psychoactive effect. The effect develops gradually.

Nootropil Pharmacokinetics:
Piracetam is well and rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, bioavailability of approximately 100%. Piracetam does not bind to plasma proteins. It Penetrates the blood-brain barrier and accumulates in brain tissue and internal organs. In the animal study piracetam is accumulated in the tissues of the cerebral cortex, predominantly in the frontal, parietal, and occipital lobes, the cerebellum and basal ganglia.

Piracetam is excreted by kidneys in unchanged form. The half-life period is 4-5 hours. Pharmacokinetics of piracetam does not differ in patients with hepatic impairment. Renal clearance of piracetam in healthy volunteers is 86 ml/min. Approximately 1-2% of Piracetam is eliminated through the gastrointestinal tract.

Nootropil indications:

Nootropil is primary prescribed for the treatment of elderly patients suffering from memory loss, dizziness, decreased concentration and total activity, behavior disorders, and deletion of personality traits. A similar effect can also be achieved in patients with Alzheimer's disease and Alzheimer-like senile dementia cases, and dementia due to repeated violations of cerebral circulation.
Piracetam is used in the treatment of stroke to with the purpose to reduce its effects, such as mental and physical disorders, mood disorders and loss of autonomy.
Piracetam is used to treat vascular, traumatic and toxic coma, lack of recognition function with head injuries - both with dizziness, and without it.
Piracetam is used in  chronic alcoholism for the treatment of abstinence syndrome and psycho-organic.
Nootropil i used in the treatment of cortical myoclonus, complements treatment for sickle cell anemia.

Nootropil (piracetam) can also be prescribed for:
Involutional syndrome in the elderly, impaired memory, decreased concentration in elderly patients
Vascular disease of the brain and cerebral blood flow (cerebral atherosclerosis, hypertension, vascular parkinsonism, stroke) with symptoms of chronic cerebro-vascular insufficiency with impaired memory, attention, speech, dizziness, and dementia due to cerebrovascular disorder;
Coma and  conditions after injuries and intoxication of the brain, a period of rehabilitation therapy

Diseases of the nervous system associated with decreased intellectual-mental functions, and impaired emotional condition
Depressive illnesses treatment resistant to antidepressants
Chronic alcoholism (fatigue, intellectual-mental disorders, etc.);
The delay in mental development and violation of the learning process in children, mental retardation in children
Sickle-cell anemia.

Nootropil dosage and mode of administration

Daily dose of Nootropil is 30-160mg/kg of body weight. Nootropil tablets are taken 2 times daily, in certain cases 3-4 times. Maximal daily dose is 4800mg. The duration of treatment is 6-8 weeks. The correct dosage regiment and length of treatment is determined by a health care provider and depends on  particular condition treated.

Nootropil Overdose:
The drug is not toxic even at high doses. However, in case of overdose make sure to seek medical attention immediately.

Nootropil (piracetam) contraindications 

Nootropil is contraindicated for use in:
Acute renal failure (creatinine clearance less than at 20 ml / min);
Depression with anxiety (agitated depression);
Huntington's disease;
Children under 3 years of age
Pregnancy and lactation.
Hypersensitivity to piracetam and other ingredients of the medication

Nootropil (piracetam) during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
Piracetam should not be given during pregnancy and lactation. The drug passess through the placental barrier.

Special instructions and safety precautions:
Since Piracetam is excreted by the kidneys, it should  be used with caution patients with renal insufficiency. In these cases, continuous monitoring of renal function is required.

Nootropil Side effects:
The drug is generally well tolerated. In rare cases Nootropil may cause: increased irritability, anxiety, sleep disturbance, dyspeptic disorders, increased physical activity. Occasionally there are reported dizziness, headaches and increased sexuality. In some patients the weakness and drowsiness. The frequency of these Nootropil side effects is less than 5% in clinical observations. They do occur more frequently in elderly patients receiving doses  higher than 2.4 g/ day. In most cases it is possible to achieve regression of these symptoms, reducing the dose.
In children, especially with mental retardation may experience nervousness, anxiety, restlessness, motor disinhibition, nekontsentriruemosti attention, imbalance, irritability, conflict.
Impact on ability to drive.

Nootropil drug interaction

Nootopil should not be combined with the following groups of drugs:

·         Neuroleptics

·         CNS stimulators

·         Thyroid gland hormones

·         Undirect anticoagulants (blood thinners)

·         Antiepileptics

If you take these or any others prescription or over-the-counter medications, make sure to let your doctor know.

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